Akt1 (Phospho-Ser473) Colorimetric Cell-Based ELISA Kit

Product Name:	Akt1 (Phospho-Ser473) Colorimetric Cell-Based ELISA
Product Code:	CBCAB00019
ELISA Type:	Cell-Based
Target:	Akt1 (Phospho-Ser473)
Reactivity:	Human, Mouse, Rat
Dynamic Range:	> 5000 Cells
Detection Method:	Colorimetric 450 nm
Format:	2 x 96-Well Microplates

The Akt1 (Phospho-Ser473) Colorimetric Cell-Based ELISA Kit is a convenient, lysate-free, high throughput and sensitive assay kit that can detect Akt1 protein phosphorylation and expression profile in cells. The kit can be used for measuring the relative amounts of phosphorylated Akt1 in cultured cells as well as screening for the effects that various treatments, inhibitors (ie. siRNA or chemicals), or activators have on Akt1 phosphorylation.

Qualitative determination of Akt1 (Phospho-Ser473) concentration is achieved by an indirect ELISA format. In essence, Akt1 (Phospho-Ser473) is captured by Akt1 (Phospho-Ser473)-specific primary antibodies while the HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies bind the Fc region of the primary antibody. Through this binding, the HRP enzyme conjugated to the secondary antibody can catalyze a colorimetric reaction upon substrate addition. Due to the qualitative nature of the Cell-Based ELISA, multiple normalization methods are needed:

1.	A monoclonal antibody specific for human GAPDH is included to serve as an internal positive control in normalizing the target absorbance values.
2.	Following the colorimetric measurement of HRP activity via substrate addition, the Crystal Violet whole-cell staining method may be used to determine cell density. After staining, the results can be analysed by normalizing the absorbance values to cell amounts, by which the plating difference can be adjusted.

Database Information:	Gene ID: 207, UniProt ID: P31749, OMIM: 164730, Unigene: Hs.525622
Gene Symbol:	AKT1/AKT2/AKT3
Sub Type:	Phospho

UniProt Protein Function:	Akt1: an oncogenic AGC kinase that plays a critical role in regulating cell survival and metabolism in many different signaling pathways. Dual phosphorylation is required for its activation. T308 is phosphorylated by PDK1 in the PI3 kinase pathway, and S473 is phosphorylated by mTOR in the mTORC2 pathway. The 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitination of AKT1 by TRAF6 is important for its translocation to the plasma membrane, phosphorylation, and activation. When Akt is fully phosphorylated it translocates into the nucleus, undergoes 'Lys-48'-polyubiquitination catalyzed by TTC3, leading to its proteosomal degradation. Hyperactive or overexpressed in a number of cancers including breast, prostate, lung, pancreatic, liver, ovarian and colorectal. Over 160 protein substrates are known including many that regulate transcription, metabolism, apoptosis, cell cycle, and growth.
UniProt Protein Details:	Protein type:AGC group; AKT family; EC 2.7.11.1; Kinase, protein; Oncoprotein; Protein kinase, AGC; Protein kinase, Ser/Thr (non-receptor) Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 14q32.33 Cellular Component: cytoplasm; cytosol; microtubule cytoskeleton; nucleoplasm; nucleus; plasma membrane; vesicle Molecular Function:ATP binding; enzyme binding; identical protein binding; kinase activity; nitric-oxide synthase regulator activity; phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-triphosphate binding; phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate binding; protein binding; protein kinase activity; protein serine/threonine kinase activity; protein serine/threonine/tyrosine kinase activity Biological Process: activated T cell apoptosis; cell differentiation; cell proliferation; cellular response to insulin stimulus; endocrine pancreas development; G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway; G1/S-specific positive regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity; insulin receptor signaling pathway; insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway; negative regulation of apoptosis; negative regulation of autophagy; negative regulation of caspase activity; negative regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation; negative regulation of protein kinase activity; negative regulation of proteolysis; nitric oxide biosynthetic process; peptidyl-serine phosphorylation; peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation; phosphoinositide-mediated signaling; phosphorylation; platelet activation; positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration; positive regulation of cell growth; positive regulation of cellular protein metabolic process; positive regulation of endodeoxyribonuclease activity; positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation; positive regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway; positive regulation of fat cell differentiation; positive regulation of glucose import; positive regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process; positive regulation of lipid biosynthetic process; positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process; positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity; positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation; positive regulation of protein amino acid phosphorylation; positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation; positive regulation of transcription factor activity; protein amino acid autophosphorylation; protein amino acid phosphorylation; protein import into nucleus, translocation; protein modification process; regulation of cell migration; regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process; regulation of mRNA stability; regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity; regulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase cascade; response to heat; response to oxidative stress; signal transduction; T cell costimulation Disease: Breast Cancer; Colorectal Cancer; Cowden Syndrome 6; Ovarian Cancer; Proteus Syndrome; Schizophrenia
NCBI Summary:	The serine-threonine protein kinase encoded by the AKT1 gene is catalytically inactive in serum-starved primary and immortalized fibroblasts. AKT1 and the related AKT2 are activated by platelet-derived growth factor. The activation is rapid and specific, and it is abrogated by mutations in the pleckstrin homology domain of AKT1. It was shown that the activation occurs through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. In the developing nervous system AKT is a critical mediator of growth factor-induced neuronal survival. Survival factors can suppress apoptosis in a transcription-independent manner by activating the serine/threonine kinase AKT1, which then phosphorylates and inactivates components of the apoptotic machinery. Mutations in this gene have been associated with the Proteus syndrome. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2011]
UniProt Code:	P31749
NCBI GenInfo Identifier:	60391226
NCBI Gene ID:	207
NCBI Accession:	P31749.2
UniProt Secondary Accession:	P31749,Q9BWB6, B2RAM5, B7Z5R1,
UniProt Related Accession:	P31749
Molecular Weight:	48,347 Da
NCBI Full Name:	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase
NCBI Synonym Full Names:	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1
NCBI Official Symbol:	AKT1
NCBI Official Synonym Symbols:	AKT; PKB; RAC; CWS6; PRKBA; PKB-ALPHA; RAC-ALPHA
NCBI Protein Information:	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase
UniProt Protein Name:	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase
UniProt Synonym Protein Names:	Protein kinase B; PKB; Protein kinase B alpha; PKB alpha; Proto-oncogene c-Akt; RAC-PK-alpha
Protein Family:	AKT-interacting protein
UniProt Gene Name:	AKT1

Component	Quantity
96-Well Cell Culture Clear-Bottom Microplate	2 plates
10X TBS	24 mL
Quenching Buffer	24 mL
Blocking Buffer	50 mL
15X Wash Buffer	50 mL
Primary Antibody Diluent	12 mL
100x Anti-Phospho Target Antibody	60 µL
100x Anti-Target Antibody	60 µL
Anti-GAPDH Antibody	60 µL
HRP-Conjugated Anti-Rabbit IgG Antibody	12 mL
HRP-Conjugated Anti-Mouse IgG Antibody	12 mL
SDS Solution	12 mL
Stop Solution	24 mL
Ready-to-Use Substrate	12 mL
Crystal Violet Solution	12 mL
Adhesive Plate Seals	2 seals

The following materials and/or equipment are NOT provided in this kit but are necessary to successfully conduct the experiment:

Microplate reader able to measure absorbance at 450 nm and/or 595 nm for Crystal Violet Cell Staining (Optional)
Micropipettes with capability of measuring volumes ranging from 1 µL to 1 ml
37% formaldehyde (Sigma Cat# F-8775) or formaldehyde from other sources
Squirt bottle, manifold dispenser, multichannel pipette reservoir or automated microplate washer
Graph paper or computer software capable of generating or displaying logarithmic functions
Absorbent papers or vacuum aspirator
Test tubes or microfuge tubes capable of storing ≥1 ml
Poly-L-Lysine (Sigma Cat# P4832 for suspension cells)
Orbital shaker (optional)
Deionized or sterile water

*Note: Protocols are specific to each batch/lot. For the correct instructions please follow the protocol included in your kit.

Step	Procedure
1.	Seed 200 µL of 20,000 adherent cells in culture medium in each well of a 96-well plate. The plates included in the kit are sterile and treated for cell culture. For suspension cells and loosely attached cells, coat the plates with 100 µL of 10 µg/ml Poly-L-Lysine (not included) to each well of a 96-well plate for 30 minutes at 37°C prior to adding cells.
2.	Incubate the cells for overnight at 37°C, 5% CO2.
3.	Treat the cells as desired.
4.	Remove the cell culture medium and rinse with 200 µL of 1x TBS, twice.
5.	Fix the cells by incubating with 100 µL of Fixing Solution for 20 minutes at room temperature. The 4% formaldehyde is used for adherent cells and 8% formaldehyde is used for suspension cells and loosely attached cells.
6.	Remove the Fixing Solution and wash the plate 3 times with 200 µL 1x Wash Buffer for five minutes each time with gentle shaking on the orbital shaker. The plate can be stored at 4°C for a week.
7.	Add 100 µL of Quenching Buffer and incubate for 20 minutes at room temperature.
8.	Wash the plate 3 times with 1x Wash Buffer for 5 minutes each time.
9.	Add 200 µL of Blocking Buffer and incubate for 1 hour at room temperature.
10.	Wash 3 times with 200 µL of 1x Wash Buffer for 5 minutes each time.
11.	Add 50 µL of 1x primary antibodies Anti-Akt1 (Phospho-Ser473) Antibody, Anti-Akt1 Antibody and/or Anti-GAPDH Antibody) to the corresponding wells, cover with Parafilm and incubate for 16 hours (overnight) at 4°C. If the target expression is known to be high, incubate for 2 hours at room temperature.
12.	Wash 3 times with 200 µL of 1x Wash Buffer for 5 minutes each time.
13.	Add 50 µL of 1x secondary antibodies (HRP-Conjugated AntiRabbit IgG Antibody or HRP-Conjugated Anti-Mouse IgG Antibody) to corresponding wells and incubate for 1.5 hours at room temperature.
14.	Wash 3 times with 200 µL of 1x Wash Buffer for 5 minutes each time.
15.	Add 50 µL of Ready-to-Use Substrate to each well and incubate for 30 minutes at room temperature in the dark.
16.	Add 50 µL of Stop Solution to each well and read OD at 450 nm immediately using the microplate reader.

(Additional Crystal Violet staining may be performed if desired – details of this may be found in the kit technical manual.)

슈반 세포: 신경 기능을 지원하는 특수 세포

신경면역학: CNS의 면역체계

바르덴부르크 증후군 및 클라인-바르덴부르크 증후군

Akt1 (Phospho-Ser473) Colorimetric Cell-Based ELISA Kit

Description